Boreal forest Resilience

North American Dipole (NAD)

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NAD is a prominent mode of atmospheric circulation pattern, defined as the second principal component of summertime 500-hPa gepotential height over the domian of 35°–65° N, 170°–340° E.

NAD plays a significant role in driving boreal forest dynamics, exerting substantial influence over tree productivity and seed-dependent species.

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